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农业微生物；产业发展；微生物肥料；饲用微生物；微生物农药；酶制剂微生物；微生物种业 1

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Biomineralization-inspired copper-cystine nanoleaves capable of laccase-like catalysis for the colorimetric detection of epinephrine

Miao Guan, Mengfan Wang, Wei Qi, Rongxin Su, Zhimin He

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第2期页码 310-318 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1940-y

摘要： Recently, many efforts have been dedicated to creating enzyme-mimicking catalysts to replace natural enzymes in practical fields. Inspired by the pathological biomineralization behaviour of L-cystine, in this study, we constructed a laccase-like catalyst through the co-assembly of L-cystine with Cu ions. Structural analysis revealed that the formed catalytic Cu-cystine nanoleaves (Cu-Cys NLs) possess a Cu(I)-Cu(II) electron transfer system similar to that in natural laccase. Reaction kinetic studies demonstrated that the catalyst follows the typical Michaelis-Menten model. Compared with natural laccase, the Cu-Cys NLs exhibit superior stability during long-term incubation under extreme pH, high-temperature or high-salt conditions. Remarkably, the Cu-Cys NLs could be easily recovered and still maintained 76% of their activity after 8 cycles. Finally, this laccase mimic was employed to develop a colorimetric method for epinephrine detection, which achieved a wider linear range (9–455 μmol·L ) and lower limit of detection (2.7 μmol·L ). The Cu-Cys NLs also displayed excellent specificity and sensitivity towards epinephrine in a test based on urine samples.

关键词： biomineralization laccase L-cystine colorimetric detection enzyme mimic

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Designer enzyme for green materials innovation: Lactate-polymerizing enzyme as a key catalyst

Seiichi Taguchi

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第1期页码 139-142 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1636-0

摘要： Establishment of the regeneratable whole-cell catalyst platform for the?production of biobased polymeric materials is a?typical topic of synthetic biology. In this commentary, discovery story of a “lactate-polymerizing enzyme” (LPE)?and LPE-based?achievements for creating a new variety of polyesters with incorporated unnatural monomers are presented. Besides the importance of microbial platform itself is discussed referring to the “ballooning”- .

关键词： synthetic biology enzyme evolutionary engineering polyhydroxyalkanoate

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拟态防御技术

罗兴国, 仝青, 张铮, 邬江兴

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第6期页码 69-73 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.06.014

摘要：

网络空间安全处于易攻难守的非平衡态势，主动防御技术作为网络空间防御技术的新星，其研究热度不断提高。本文以入侵容忍技术和移动目标防御技术为主线概括了主动防御技术的发展，并介绍了拟态防御技术理论、工程实践以及测试情况。通过分析对比拟态防御和入侵容忍、移动目标的异同，提出网络安全再平衡战略的研究重点和方向，为国家网络空间安全发展提供借鉴和参考。

关键词：拟态防御主动防御技术网络安全再平衡

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Influence of glucose feeding on the ligninolytic enzyme production of the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete

ZHOU Xiaoyan, WEN Xianghua, FENG Yan

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第1期页码 89-94 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0017-1

摘要： The present work studied the influence of glucose feeding on the ligninolytic enzyme production of in a nitrogen-limited (C/N ratio is 56/8.8 mmol/L) medium. Several sets of shaking flask experiments were conducted. The results showed that 2 g/L glucose feeding on the first day of the culture (24 h after the inoculation) stimulated both fungal biomass growth and enzyme production. The manganese peroxidase (MnP) activity was 2.5 times greater than that produced in cultures without glucose feeding. Furthermore, the glucose feeding mode in fed-batch culture was also investigated. Compared to cultures with glucose feeding every 48 h, cultures with glucose feeding of 1.5 g/L (final concentration) every 24 h produced more enzymes. The peak and total yield of MnP activity were 2.7 and 3 times greater compared to the contrast culture, respectively, and the enzyme was kept stable for 4 days with an activity of over 200 U/L.

关键词： enzyme production fed-batch culture nitrogen-limited inoculation mmol/L

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Diffusion process in enzyme–metal hybrid catalysts

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第6期页码 921-929 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2144-4

摘要： Enzyme–metal hybrid catalysts bridge the gap between enzymatic and heterogeneous catalysis, which is significant for expanding biocatalysis to a broader scope. Previous studies have demonstrated that the enzyme–metal hybrid catalysts exhibited considerably higher catalytic efficiency in cascade reactions, compared with that of the combination of separated enzyme and metal catalysts. However, the precise mechanism of this phenomenon remains unclear. Here, we investigated the diffusion process in enzyme–metal hybrid catalysts using Pd/lipase-Pluronic conjugates and the combination of immobilized lipase (Novozyme 435) and Pd/C as models. With reference to experimental data in previous studies, the Weisz–Prater parameter and efficiency factor of internal diffusion were calculated to evaluate the internal diffusion limitations in these catalysts. Thereafter, a kinetic model was developed and fitted to describe the proximity effect in hybrid catalysts. Results indicated that the enhanced catalytic efficiency of hybrid catalysts may arise from the decreased internal diffusion limitation, size effect of Pd clusters and proximity of the enzyme and metal active sites, which provides a theoretical foundation for the rational design of enzyme–metal hybrid catalysts.

关键词： enzyme–metal hybrid catalyst internal diffusion proximity effect kinetic model

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Detection of Escherichia coli in wastewater based on enzyme immunoassay

XI Haiyan, CAI Qiang, HE Miao, SHI Hanchang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第3期页码 381-384 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0065-6

摘要： This research describes a fast detection method on the basis of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for in drainage of wastewater treatment plants. Optimized conditions such as the reaction format (sandwich or direct), the concentrations of diluted horse radish peroxidase (HRP)- conjugate, and anti-HPR antibody and pretreatment of were studied. Those results showed that the linear range of detection for was 10 cfu/mL– 6 × 10 cfu/mL. Compared with conventional methods, it is a convenient and sensitive detection method with low cost.

关键词： conventional sandwich pretreatment enzyme-linked immunosorbent detection

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Enzyme@bismuth-ellagic acid: a versatile platform for enzyme immobilization with enhanced acid-base stability

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第6期页码 784-794 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2278-4

摘要： In situ encapsulation is an effective way to synthesize enzyme@metal–organic framework biocatalysts; however, it is limited by the conditions of metal–organic framework synthesis and its acid-base stability. Herein, a biocatalytic platform with improved acid-base stability was constructed via a one-pot method using bismuth-ellagic acid as the carrier. Bismuth-ellagic acid is a green phenol-based metal–organic framework whose organic precursor is extracted from natural plants. After encapsulation, the stability, especially the acid-base stability, of amyloglucosidases@bismuth-ellagic acid was enhanced, which remained stable over a wide pH range (2–12) and achieved multiple recycling. By selecting a suitable buffer, bismuth-ellagic acid can encapsulate different types of enzymes and enable interactions between the encapsulated enzymes and cofactors, as well as between multiple enzymes. The green precursor, simple and convenient preparation process provided a versatile strategy for enzymes encapsulation.

关键词： bismuth-ellagic acid in situ encapsulation enzyme@MOF biocomposites

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Soil enzyme activities and their indication for fertility of urban forest soil

SHAN Qihua, YU Yuanchun, ZHANG Jinchi, YU Jian

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第2期页码 218-223 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0037-5

摘要： To reveal the biological characteristics of urban forest soil and the effects of soil enzyme on soil fertility as well as the correlation between physicochemical properties and enzyme activities, 44 urban forest soil profiles in Nanjing were investigated. Basic soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities were analyzed in the laboratory. Hydrogen peroxidase, dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and cellulase were determined by potassium permanganate titration, TTC (CHN·Cl) colorimetry, phenyl phosphate dinatrium colorimetry, and anthrone colorimetry, respectively. The result showed that soil pH, organic carbon (C), and total nitrogen (N) had great effects on hydrogen peroxidase, dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase activities in 0–20 cm thick soil. However, pH only had great effect on hydrogen peroxidase, dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase activities in 20–40 cm thick soil. Hydrogen peroxidase, dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase were important biological indicators for the fertility of urban forest soil. Both in 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm soil, soil enzyme system (hydrogen peroxidase, dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and cellulase) had a close relationship with a combination of physicochemical indicators (pH, organic C, total N, available K, available P, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and microbial biomass carbon (C)). The more soil enzyme activities there were, the higher the fertility of urban forest soil.

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拟态防御基础理论研究综述

斯雪明,王伟,曾俊杰、杨本朝、李光松、苑超、张帆

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第6期页码 62-68 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.06.013

摘要：

随着互联网的发展，网络空间安全问题已成为关系到国家安全的大问题。本文首先介绍了一些经典的网络安全防御技术；其次介绍了拟态防御技术，包括拟态防御系统的构成、拟态防御的科学问题及其理论框架，对比传统网络防御技术，分析了拟态防御系统的有效性；最后对拟态防御基础理论还需要解决的问题做了阐述。

关键词：拟态防御网络空间移动目标防御拟态变换

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Cofactor engineering in cyanobacteria to overcome imbalance between NADPH and NADH: A mini review

Jongmoon Park,Yunnam Choi

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第1期页码 66-71 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1591-1

摘要： Cyanobacteria can produce useful renewable fuels and high-value chemicals using sunlight and atmospheric carbon dioxide by photosynthesis. Genetic manipulation has increased the variety of chemicals that cyanobacteria can produce. However, their uniquely abundant NADPH-pool, in other words insufficient supply of NADH, tends to limit their production yields in case of utilizing NADH-dependent enzyme, which is quite common in heterotrophic microbes. To overcome this cofactor imbalance and enhance cyanobacterial fuel and chemical production, various approaches for cofactor engineering have been employed. In this review, we focus on three approaches: (1) utilization of NADPH-dependent enzymes, (2) increasing NADH production, and (3) changing cofactor specificity of NADH-dependent enzymes from NADH to NADPH.

关键词： NADH-dependent enzyme NADPH-dependent enzyme transhydrogenase site-directed mutagenesis enzyme engineering

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拟态防御技术结合软件多样化在软件安全产业中的应用

庞建民,张宇嘉,张铮、邬江兴

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第6期页码 74-78 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.06.015

摘要：

随着互联网的飞速发展，计算机软件全球化的进程不断推进。大量相同软件安装在数以万计的计算机中，容易导致黑客利用软件的漏洞，攻击安装了该软件的所有计算机。传统的软件安全措施是依靠对漏洞进行修补，其只能起到亡羊补牢的作用。软件多样化技术可以使这种情况得到缓解，但其并没有从根本上消除漏洞带来的威胁。本文提出将拟态防御技术与软件多样化技术相结合应用于软件安全产业，可以消除漏洞带来的威胁。

关键词：软件多样化拟态防御软件安全产业

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Plant diversity reduces the effect of multiple heavy metal pollution on soil enzyme activities and microbial

Yang GAO, Chiyuan MIAO, Jun XIA, Liang MAO, Yafeng WANG, Pei ZHOU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第2期页码 213-223 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0345-z

摘要： It is unclear whether certain plant species and plant diversity could reduce the impacts of multiple heavy metal pollution on soil microbial structure and soil enzyme activities. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to analyze the genetic diversity and microbial similarity in planted and unplanted soil under combined cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) pollution. A metal hyperaccumulator, , and a common plant, , were used in this research. The results showed that microorganism quantity in planted soil significantly increased, compared with that in unplanted soil with Cd and Pb pollution. The order of microbial community sensitivity in response to Cd and Pb stress was as follows: actinomycetes>bacteria>fungi. Respiration, phosphatase, urease and dehydrogenase activity were significantly inhibited due to Cd and Pb stress. Compared with unplanted soil, planted soils have frequently been reported to have higher rates of microbial activity due to the presence of additional surfaces for microbial colonization and organic compounds released by the plant roots. Two coexisting plants could increase microbe population and the activity of phosphatases, dehydrogenases and, in particular, ureases. Soil enzyme activity was higher in phytoremediated soil than in planted soil in this study. Heavy metal pollution decreased the richness of the soil microbial community, but plant diversity increased DNA sequence diversity and maintained DNA sequence diversity at high levels. The genetic polymorphism under heavy metal stress was higher in phytoremediated soil than in planted soil.

关键词： enzyme activity soil DNA microbial population plant diversity heavy metal

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云环境下基于拟态防御的科学工作流执行系统 Research Article

Ya-wen WANG, Jiang-xing WU, Yun-fei GUO, Hong-chao HU, Wen-yan LIU, Guo-zhen CHENG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第19卷第12期页码 1522-1536 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800621

摘要：随着越来越多大规模科学计算任务交付云计算平台，云工作流系统被设计用于管理和安排这些复杂任务。然而，云计算中多租户共存服务模式存在严重安全风险，可能威胁云工作流的正常执行。为加强云工作流安全性，提出一种面向科学工作流的拟态云计算任务执行系统。拟态防御的思想主要涉及3个方面：异构性、冗余性和动态性。在异构性方面，集成物理服务器、管理器和操作系统的多样性以创建鲁棒的系统架构。在冗余性方面，工作流中每个子任务由多个执行体同时执行。综合考虑效率和安全性，提出滞后裁决机制检查任务执行结果。在动态性方面，设计动态任务调度机制切换工作流执行环境并缩短执行体生命周期，以混淆攻击者并净化任务执行体。实验结果表明，该系统有效增强了云工作流执行的安全性。

关键词：科学工作流；拟态防御；云安全；入侵容忍

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Degradation of 4-aminophenol by hydrogen peroxide oxidation using enzyme from Serratia marcescens as

SUN Min, YOU Yahua, DENG Shengsong, GAO Wenxia, YAO Risheng

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第1期页码 95-98 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0018-0

摘要： AB 90027 as catalyst. The effecting factors during degradation and the degrading mechanism were studied. Also, the location of the enzyme in the cell, which could catalyze the degradation of 4-aminophenol, was analyzed. The results showed that to degrade 50 mL of 4-aminophenol whose concentration was 500 mg/L, the optimal conditions were: volume of HO = 3 mL, temperature = 40 60?C and pH = 9 10. In the degradation process, 4-aminophenol was first converted to benzoquinone and NH, then organic acids including maleic acid, fumaleic acid, and oxalic acid were formed, and then finally CO and HO were generated as final products. The enzyme that could catalyze the degradation of 4-aminophenol was mainly extracellular enzyme.

关键词： degradation process temperature effecting degradation volume

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Microcystin-LR detection based on indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

SHENG Jianwu, HE Miao, YU Shaoqing, SHI Hanchang, QIAN Yi

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第3期页码 329-333 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0056-7

摘要： Microcystins (MCs) are a group of closely related toxic cyclic heptapeptides produced by common cyanobacteria, which cause lots of accidents and threatens human health. In this paper, an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) was established and used to detect microcystin-LR (MC-LR) in drinking and surface waters. The concentration of coating antigen was 5 ?g/mL, the dilution of monoclonal antibody MC10E7 was 1:3 000, the dilution of enzyme tracer (goat anti-mouse IgG-peroxidase) was 1:3 000, the standard concentration of MC-LR ranged from 0.001 μg/L to 30 μg/L, and o-phenylenediamine was used as substrate. The assay showed high relativity with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a correlation coefficient of more than 99%. The relative standard deviation was less than 10%, the detection limit was achieved down to 0.01 μg/L and up to 5.1 μg/L. The quantitative detection range was from 0.03 μg/L to 3 μg/L, and the antibody had high specificity for [4-arginine] microcystins. It performed well in spite of the influence of the real samples.

关键词： o-phenylenediamine 4-arginine ic-ELISA substrate chromatography